91啪啪丁香婷婷网_无码av最新无码专区_国产精品动漫久久www_欧美日韩精品粗暴视频播放_激情五月av在线_亚洲男人的天堂网av_18禁美女无遮挡黄网站免费看视_午夜剧场性爱免费看_三级国产女主播在线观看_善良的人妻被下属侵犯的后果

 

Performing badly at work? You can blame the 'Tiger Woods effect' where working alongside the employee of the month makes you slack off

工作表現(xiàn)不佳？都是“老虎伍茲”效應(yīng)在作怪，同事中的月度最佳員工會(huì)讓你工作懈怠。

 

 

A brilliant employee should – in theory – be an inspiration to colleagues。

理論上說(shuō)，一位十分出色的雇員應(yīng)該能激發(fā)其他同事的工作熱情。

 

But rather than raising their game, workmates put in a worse performance when in the presence of a high-flier, experts say。

但專(zhuān)家的說(shuō)法卻恰恰相反：如果公司有一位員工的表現(xiàn)異常出色，其他人的表現(xiàn)就會(huì)大打折扣。

 

They have called this phenomenon the Tiger Woods Effect after analysing the performances of golfers from 1999 to 2010 while Woods was far and away the world number one。

1999年至2010年間，老虎伍茲稱(chēng)得上是遙遙領(lǐng)先的世界第一高爾夫球手，專(zhuān)家分析研究了在這期間巡回賽上其他高爾夫球手們的表現(xiàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的表現(xiàn)有失水準(zhǔn)，專(zhuān)家們把這一現(xiàn)象稱(chēng)作“老虎伍茲效應(yīng)”。

 

When he was at the peak of his powers, other top players shot worse scores intournaments in which he participated than they did in similar events if he was absent, as if his presence inhibited them。

在伍茲職業(yè)生涯的巔峰期，只要有他參加的比賽，其他頂尖球手就會(huì)表現(xiàn)不佳，而如果伍茲沒(méi)有參加比賽，這些球手就能夠正常發(fā)揮，如同伍茲的出現(xiàn)限制了他們的發(fā)揮。

 

And because of this, Woods earned around £4million more from these contests than he would have done if his rivals had played their normal game, economists found。

經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，正因如此，如果在這些比賽中，伍茲的對(duì)手們能夠正常發(fā)揮的話，他的獎(jiǎng)金恐怕就要縮水400萬(wàn)歐元。

 

The remarkable effect on golfers could apply just as much in a workplace, according to the researchers at Chicago’s Northwestern University。

芝加哥西北大學(xué)的研究人員稱(chēng)，這一顯著效應(yīng)不光僅限于高爾夫球員，還同樣適用于工作場(chǎng)所。

 

In particular, the Tiger factor could affect offices where one worker keeps winning ‘employee of the month’ or regular bonuses for making the most sales。

如果某位雇員總能贏得“本月最佳員工”，或者總能贏得最佳銷(xiāo)售業(yè)績(jī)獎(jiǎng)金，老虎伍茲效應(yīng)就會(huì)在辦公室里發(fā)生作用。

 

Instead of trying to compete, other staff – like Tiger’s opponents – simply stop trying as hard because they don’t think they are going to win。

和伍茲的對(duì)手們一樣，其他員工不會(huì)再繼續(xù)努力、嘗試競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，因?yàn)樗麄冎雷约黑A不了。

 

The report, published in the Journal of Political Economy, said: 'His superstar statushobbles the competition.'

如同《政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)雜志》報(bào)道中所說(shuō)的：“他無(wú)可動(dòng)搖的巨星地位讓競(jìng)爭(zhēng)變得毫無(wú)意義。”

 

Northwestern economist Jennifer Brown said the same could apply in certain, competitive, office environments。

西北大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家珍妮弗·布朗(Jennifer Brown)稱(chēng)伍茲效應(yīng)同樣適用于某些有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的辦公場(chǎng)合。

 

Her study added: 'For example, a company may reward its top monthly salesperson with some extra money or a prize - the idea being that competition increases everybody's effort。

在她的研究中提到：“舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，為了增加競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、激勵(lì)雇員，公司可能會(huì)設(shè)立獎(jiǎng)金或獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)每月的銷(xiāo)售冠軍。”

 

'But what if one salesperson seems to win every month? The others might slack off, knowing they have little chance to take the prize.'

“如果獲勝的總是同一個(gè)銷(xiāo)售員呢？其他人就會(huì)懈怠起來(lái)，因?yàn)樗麄冎雷约簺](méi)什么機(jī)會(huì)贏得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。”

 

On Tiger Woods she said: 'When Woods played in a tournament, other players shot nearly a full stroke higher。

再說(shuō)回到老虎伍茲：“有老虎伍茲參加的巡回賽上，其他球手完成比賽的桿數(shù)要比平常多接近一桿。”

 

'The effect was strongest among the top-ranked players, who would be in direct competition with Woods for the highest payouts.'

“老虎伍茲效應(yīng)在排名靠前的球手身上表現(xiàn)的更為明顯，因?yàn)樗麄兪桥c伍茲競(jìng)爭(zhēng)高額獎(jiǎng)金的直接對(duì)手。”

 

The stats suggest they did not try harder because a higher number of riskier shots would have shown up in more double bogey and eagles (two over or two under par。)

研究數(shù)據(jù)表明這些球手并沒(méi)有在比賽中努力求勝，如果他們求勝心強(qiáng)、冒險(xiǎn)出桿，應(yīng)該會(huì)打出更多的雙伯忌和老鷹球(高于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)桿兩桿或者低于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)桿兩桿)。

 

She said: 'We'd expect to see players hit more eagles and more double bogeys when playing against Woods, reflecting a high-risk, high-reward strategy。

她說(shuō)道：“我們本以為這些球手在對(duì)上老虎伍茲時(shí)，會(huì)采取高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高回報(bào)的策略，打出更多的老鷹球或雙伯忌。”

 

'But that's not the case。

“但實(shí)際情況恰恰相反。”

 

'There were significantly fewer eagles and double bogeys when Woods played."

“伍茲參加的比賽中，老鷹球和雙伯忌的數(shù)量明顯比平常少。”

 

She added: 'By my estimates, Woods pocketed nearly $6 million in additional earnings because of the reduced effort of other golfers - prize money that would otherwise have been distributed to other players in the field.'

她補(bǔ)充道：“據(jù)我估計(jì)，因?yàn)槠渌郀柗蚯蚴譄o(wú)心戀戰(zhàn)，伍茲獲得了將近600萬(wàn)美元的額外收入——其他高爾夫球手本有機(jī)會(huì)贏得這些獎(jiǎng)金。”

 

The results suggest business should be more careful when trying to get their employees to be more competitive with each other, the study adds。

研究結(jié)果表明，在引入員工競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制時(shí)，公司應(yīng)該采取更加謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度。